Cannabinoids are the naturally occurring compounds in cannabis that interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system, which plays a role in regulating appetite, mood, sleep, and pain. While THC and CBD are the two most well-known (i.e., major) cannabinoids, scientists have identified over 100 minor cannabinoids, each with unique properties and potential uses.
Although research on these lesser-known compounds is still in its very early stages, many have shown promise for therapeutic use, including in the treatment of neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, cancer, and skin conditions, among other uses. In this blog, we’ll discuss the four most popular minor cannabinoids, their potential benefits, and uses.
How Minor Cannabinoids Interact with the Body
Minor cannabinoids interact with the body through the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a complex network of receptors that helps regulate vital functions like mood, appetite, sleep, pain, and immune response. Like THC and CBD, minor cannabinoids such as CBG, CBN, CBC, and THCV bind to or influence the ECS’s two main receptors—CB1 and CB2—each in unique ways.
Some may enhance or balance the effects of major cannabinoids, while others produce their own therapeutic effects without causing intoxication. Though research is still emerging, early studies suggest that minor cannabinoids may play a significant role in the overall cannabis experience by supporting what’s known as the entourage effect.
Cannabigerol (CBG)
CBG is the precursor to all other cannabinoids, meaning every major and minor cannabinoid starts off as CBG in the early growth stage of the plant. As the plant matures, some are converted into other cannabinoids. CBG is non-psychoactive and binds to the body’s CB1 and CB2 receptors, which influence things like mood, sleep, and pain sensation.
Potential benefits: anti-inflammatory properties, appetite stimulation, and antimicrobial properties. Potential uses: Since CBG can help protect nerve cells from damage, it could be beneficial for neurological conditions like Huntington’s disease. Additionally, research suggests it may help reduce intraocular pressure, making it a potentially viable glaucoma treatment.
Cannabinol (CBN)
Although CBN is formed when THC breaks down due to oxidation and exposure to light and air, CBN is largely non-intoxicating, meaning it doesn’t produce the “high” associated with THC. However, some studies show that it can have very mild psychoactive properties when used in large doses. CBN derived from hemp is federally legal (except in Oregon), while CBN derived from the marijuana plant remains federally illegal.
Potential benefits: sleep regulation, anti-inflammatory properties, antibacterial effects, appetite stimulation, pain management, immune system support. Potential uses: A 2008 study found CBN is effective in treating MRSA, a bacterial infection that’s resistant to antibiotics. There is also promising evidence that it can have direct cancer-fighting capabilities, has potential to be used as an anti-convulsant, and that it can help stimulate the production of new bone.
Cannabichromene (CBC)
Like CBG, CBC is non-psychoactive and is one of the most abundant cannabinoids found in cannabis. Since CBC binds to the TRPV1 receptors, which are involved in regulating pain and inflammation, many of its benefits and uses revolve around pain and inflammation. It’s also important to note that CBC can actually enhance the effects of other cannabinoids through what’s known as the entourage effect.
Potential benefits: anti-inflammation and pain relief, neuroprotection, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Potential uses: CBC may support healthy skin by reducing mild inflammation and acne, and has shown potential in pre-clinical studies for inhibiting cancer cell growth and supporting brain function.
Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)
Primarily found in sativa-heavy strains, THCV is a psychoactive minor cannabinoid that produces minimal intoxicating effects. Unlike THC and many of the other minor cannabinoids, THCV can actually suppress appetite and increase energy. Studies are currently underway to learn more about its effects and how it can potentially be used to suppress appetite in a medical setting.
Potential benefits: appetite suppression, increased energy, potential neuroprotection, metabolic effects. Potential uses: Its ability to suppress appetite and influence metabolism could be useful for weight management or glycemic control, while its neuroprotective properties could potentially help protect nerve cells.
THC and CBD
While THC and CBD aren’t classified as minor cannabinoids, they’re often grouped with these four well-known minor cannabinoids—CBG, CBN, CBC, and THCV—and collectively referred to as “The Big Six.” These six cannabinoids frequently appear together in a wide range of cannabis products, which is why they play such a central role in the cannabis conversation. Each one offers unique properties and benefits, making them key players in the entourage effect.
Interested in diving deeper into the role of minor cannabinoids? Check out our blog, Why THC Isn’t the Only Thing That Matters, to explore how these compounds work together to shape your cannabis experience.
Minor Intoxicating Cannabinoids
In addition to CBN and THCV, there are several other minor cannabinoids with intoxicating effects. Delta-9-THC is the most researched intoxicating minor cannabinoid, but there are several others that have been identified, including:
- Delta-8-THC
- Delta-10-THC
- Delta-6a-10a-THC
- THC-O-acetate (THC-O)
- Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC)
- Tetrahydrocannabiphorol (THCP)
- Tetrahydrocannabutol (THCB)
It’s important to note that there are over 100 minor cannabinoids, and more continue to be discovered, so this list is only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to cannabis and its potential therapeutic uses.
Find Major & Minor Cannabinoids at CULTA
Minor cannabinoids may not get as much attention as THC or CBD, but their potential is just beginning to be understood. As research continues to uncover their unique effects and benefits, these compounds are becoming an exciting part of the cannabis conversation. Whether you’re looking to explore new effects or elevate your current routine, the helpful and knowledgeable team at CULTA is here to help.
Stop by one of our Baltimore, Urbana, and Columbia dispensaries or browse our menu to discover how minor cannabinoids can make a major impact.